The Institution of Leaders and Leadership has emerged ever since the dawn of human civilizations, whereby a leader is chosen to lead.

Among the various Leadership Institution practiced in the olden days as well as now include Emperor, Anarchy, Dictatorship, President, Constitutional Monarchy, Sultan, Shah, Governor and Yang di-Pertua Negeri. In the 21st century, the practice of democracy spread throughout the world, with powers of the King to rule was finally transferred to the people.

In certain countries, the institution of Monarch was replaced by Presidential institution. However, both forms of institutions, i.e. Constitutional Monarch in nine states and the appointment of Tuan Yang di-Pertua Negeri (formerly known as Governor) has been introduced to four states ever since Malaysia gained its independence as well as after Hari Malaysia (a proclamation when the country became known as Malaysia).

The institution of Monarch is a tradition by heritage in which the throne is inherited by line of heritage. The institution of Yang di-Pertua Negeri as the head of the State is an institution by appointment, whereby the power to appoint a head of state for a renewable term of four years is vested with the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. States without Rulers i.e. Melaka, Pulau Pinang, Sabah and Sarawak each has a Chief Minister as head of the State. The head of the State is appointed amongst the party that wins the election, in accordance to the practice of democracy.